18th and 19th Centuries

home | ancient world | middle ages | 16-17th centuries | 1901 to World War II | 1945 to 21st century

War, Peace and Revolution in 1700s

Sweden, Russia and the Great Northern War, to 1740 -- failure and a new age of liberty in Sweden

More War in 18th Century Europe -- what monarch rules where

Frederick, Maria and Catherine -- three monarchs in the Age of Enlightenment

Britain in the mid-1700s -- progress in education, commerce and law

The American Revolution -- 1707 to 1791, from social change to ratification of the Constitution

First Barbary War -- U.S. policies from 1770s to 1805, and Marines to the shores of Tripoli

The French in the mid-1700s -- monarchy, church, class, economy

The French Revolution -- France in the 1700s

Power, War and Empire into the 1800s

Britain, Ireland, the U.S. and the War of 1812 -- England, its Irish colony and war with France and the U.S.

Haiti, 1789 to 1806 -- Independence from French rule, freedom from slavery and continuing violence.

Napoleon's Wars, Mistakes and Fall -- Napoleon recklessly drives France to defeat.

Conservative Order against Change: 1814-40 -- victors in Europe oppose revolution

Latin America after Independence: 1821-30 -- disappointments in South America and Mexico

Reform and Revolution in Europe to 1850 -- Revolutionary uprisings across Europe. Failure and Reforms

Africa, Empires and Slavery, 1801-60 -- guns, war, Arabs, Ottomans, British, Boers and French

Canada and the United States, 1814 to 1846 -- Slavery, Canada and the U.S. to the Jackson administration.

War beween the U.S. and Mexico -- Texas and the Alamo. Mexico to 1855. The U.S. to California

Ante-bellum and Civil War in the United States -- Different societies and the war to 1865

Japan from Tokugawa to Meiji -- Restoration of the emperor, economic progress and Japanese imperialism

Muslims in the Middle East, 1700 to 1837 -- Iran and the Ottoman Empire.

British Imperialism and Asia -- China, India, Afghanistan, Burma, the Crimean and Opium wars

Empire and Oceania -- the British, French and Germans; Maori, New Zealand, Australia

Empire in Africa and the Caribbean, 1860-1900 -- British, French and German

Empire and Tsarist Russia 1856 to 1894 -- tsars, student revolutionaries and bomb throwers

Empire and Nationalism in Europe, 1850-1900 -- setting the stage for the biggest of wars

Class and Economic Progress in Europe, 1850 to 1900 -- wages, status, economics and prospect for revolution

The United States, 1865 to 1900 -- reconstruction, westward expansion and economic development

Science and Philosophy

Eighteenth Century Enlightenment Philosophers -- from Britain, France and Germany

Optimism, Adam Smith, Liberals and Utopians -- 1750 to 1883, economics and social theory

Secularism and Science to 1900 -- science, Darwin, intelligent design and atheism

Philosophers and Historians -- Hegel; Kierkegaard; Schopenhauer; Nietzsche; Treitschke, Gobineau

More Religion

Christianity in Korea, to 1900 -- indigenous inspiration helps its success

Religions and Freedom in Japan -- Shintoism, Buddhism, Christianity and Tenrikyo

home | ancient world | middle ages | 16-17th centuries | 1901 to World War II | 1945 to 21st century